As the school year begins, we should think about our children’s education and its relationship to poverty. Though the poverty rate is decreasing, there were net-more poor Americans in 2013 than the previous year. Stopgap measures such as SNAP (food stamps) and Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) address an immediate need: food and money. But education- the element that often means the difference between ‘high’ and ‘low’ skill labor- is a long term strategy that works.
We calculate poverty in order to measure it and know if our policies to eliminate it are working. Poverty is defined by a national ‘poverty guideline‘, which is based on the capacity for a person to eat enough calories in a day to avoid starvation. It makes sense to address that calculation directly: find a way to make food affordable and you have successfully altered a person’s poverty status. However, we know this is not the entire picture.
In this way of thinking, education is subordinate to food. Eat first, learn later. Instead, they are mutually reinforcing and should be viewed in parity. Poverty as a both a lack of education and capital makes the traditional food-based calculation incomplete, and any successes based on that calculation misleading.
A recent Educational Testing Service (ETS) study suggests that other measures of poverty- supplemental poverty measure (SPM) and income-to-poverty ratio, among others- indicate poverty is more nuanced and far reaching than traditionally thought. Comparing economically advanced countries, only Romania has more children in poverty than the United States. But there is hope.
Education means knowledge. The traditional liberal arts model of education spreads knowledge across several disciplines (math, humanities, science, economics, etc.) in order to make a rounded, informed citizen. The vocational model focuses on a specific discipline or trade. Either model, in varying degree, creates human capital- or the marketable value of human labor. This means better paying, more secure, and safer jobs.
Immigrant and poor communities especially benefit from quality education. The ETS report indicates access to quality education for minority students is waning, segregation based on ethnicity/class is increasing, and funding of ‘non-essential’ public school programs is decreasing. As a result, the gap between the poor and non-poor is widening and the cycle of alienation continues. However, efforts to foster quality education can act as a means of overcoming the generational cycle of poverty.
Education and poverty share a complex relationship. Though some form of education is necessary to overcome poverty, it’s often poverty that prevents access to quality education. This why it is crucial that the programs, policies, and services geared toward education are made affordable.
The Center for People in Need understands the value of education. Our Access to Computer Technology (ACT) provides qualifying students with 45 free credit hours at Southeast Community College and laptop that they can keep upon successful completion. Computer courses give guidance in basic applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel. With remarkable success, our English as a Second Language (ESL) courses address the literacy of immigrants and refugees in Lincoln. Our Tackling Recidivism and Developing Employability (TRADE) program provides skill and vocational education for those recently released from prison and has seen a steady increase in graduation and employment rate since its inception. All of these are to acknowledge that being educated is the foundation on which poverty is eliminated.
Knowledge is it’s own reward, of course. To know more about the world makes for informed decision making and is the bedrock of functioning democracy. But one must not forget the pull of markets and the damage incurred by exclusion from them. Knowledge is power, and that power is expressed economically.